Computer wizard and creator of C++ language

 Born in a working class family in Aarhus, Denmark, on December 30, 1950, Stroustrup received early education in local schools. In 1969, he joined Aarhus University and graduated with master’s degree in mathematics and computer science in 1975. Interested in microprogramming and machine architecture, he learned the fundamentals of object-oriented programming from its inventor, Norwegian computer scientist Kristen Nygaard. In 1979, he received PhD in computer science from the University of Cambridge, UK. He is an honorary professor at Aarhus University and an honorary fellow of Churchill College.

In 1979, what do computer engineers do began his career with the Computer Science Research Center of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA, where he began work on C++ and programming techniques.

He headed AT&T Bell Labs’ large-scale programming research department since its creation until late 2002. In 1993, he was made a Bell Lab’s fellow and in 1996, an AT&T Fellow. He is also associated with AT&T Labs – Research and is a member of its Information and Systems Software Research Lab. He works as a visiting faculty in the Computer Science Department of Columbia University and is also a member of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).

Securing Branch Networks of Financial Institutions

 The financial services industry has begun the shift to a digital business model in order to enhance the customer experience and remain competitive. But considering that most of these organizations utilize a distributed enterprise branch model, this transition is having a significant impact on their networks.

Because their users – both remote and local – require direct access to the internet for cloud and Security-as-a-Service (SaaS) applications, the WAN and access edge have become more complicated than ever before. Furthermore, the influx of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices entering the branch network has presented how much do computer scientists make with new opportunities to exploit networks. As a result, it has become more critical than ever for IT teams to deploy next-generation security strategies to support these new technologies that only add more complexity to the network.

Financial services organizations with at least one remote location are turning to software-defined wide-area networks (SD-WAN) to simplify wide area network (WAN) management and operations. But SD-WAN alone does not address challenges related to securing multiple edges. It also cannot address visibility and complexity challenges that are common at branch locations, making it difficult to address the resulting expanded attack surface.

Below are three critical security challenges impacting financial institutions that leverage SD-WAN to connect their remote branch offices.

Generate enough incidental electromagnetic noise to cause decoherence

 The second challenge lies in controlling the qubit to perform logical functions, often achieved through a finely tuned pulse of electromagnetic radiation. This manipulation process itself can generate enough incidental electromagnetic noise to cause decoherence. To scale up quantum computers, engineers will have to strike a balance between protecting qubits from potential disturbance and still allowing them to be manipulated for calculations. This balance could theoretically be attained by a range of physical systems, though two technologies currently show the most promise: superconductors and trapped ions.

A superconducting quantum computer uses the flow of paired electrons — called “Cooper pairs” — through a resistance-free circuit as the qubit. “A superconductor is quite special, because below a certain temperature, its resistance goes away,” says William Oliver, who is an associate professor in MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, a Lincoln Laboratory Fellow, and the director of the MIT Center for Quantum Engineering.

The computers Oliver engineers use qubits composed of superconducting aluminum circuits chilled close to absolute zero. The system acts as an what is the difference between computer science and computer engineering oscillator with two energy states, corresponding to 0 and 1, as current flows through the circuit one way or the other. These superconducting qubits are relatively large, about one tenth of a millimeter along each edge — that’s hundreds of thousands of times larger than a classical transistor. A superconducting qubit’s bulk makes it easy to manipulate for calculations.

Engineering courses are not just about computers and AI

 It was interesting to observe first-hand the admissions season in a pandemic year and see the perceptions of students, their parents, the bets they took, and what they thought the future held. Today’s parents need to understand that they are from a different generation — GenX — while the kids will be working in a Gen Z world.

Viewing the choices made by the students, no doubt influenced by their parents, the thinking seemed to be that India would be only an IT and computer sciences nation. But the reality is that for India to survive in this world it needs to be a massive manufacturing base. This is the only way we can feed jobs to millions of people. Agreed we are headed to an Industry 4.0 world where what can you do with a computer science degree will be pervasive but somebody would still have to make machines. Every computer, every mobile needs core engineering. Without power, the world will not run. Without mechanical engineering, there are no machines.

But looking at the way people were queuing up for the computers stream, it seemed as though they assumed this was the end of India as a manufacturing base. The emission standard BS VI or Bharat Stage VI leaps from BS-IV, that the auto industry is grappling with, also led to the thinking that the automobile industry will not be adding jobs. This caused an almost total boycott of mechanical and electrical branches by students while there was a rush for computer science, IT, and AI courses.

Targeting seven prominent companies directly involved in researching

 One might have hoped that a pandemic that cut short millions of lives might at least have received a pass from the world’s cyberattacks. But that was not the case. After a brief lull in March, cyberattackers took aim at hospitals and public health authorities, from local governments to the World Health Organization (WHO). As humanity raced to develop vaccines, Microsoft security teams detected three nation-state actors targeting seven prominent companies directly involved in researching vaccines and treatments for Covid-19. A crisis always seems to bring out the best and worst in people, so perhaps we should not be surprised that this global crisis was no exception.

Put together, however, these three trends point to a how hard is computer science landscape that is even more daunting than when the year began. The most determined nation-state attackers are becoming more sophisticated. Risks are both growing and spreading to other governments through new private sector companies that aid and abet nation state attackers. And nothing, not even a pandemic, is off limits to these attackers.

We live in a more dangerous world, and it requires a stronger and more coordinated response.

Networks for 5G network security

 Juniper Network on Wednesday said it has been selected by the Spanish telecoms operator Telefonica Spain to secure the mobile backhaul of its 5G network. For the purpose of securing its traffic and infrastructure, Telefonica Spain has chosen Juniper’s Security Gateway along with Juniper’s SRX series.

Telefonica said it has also selected that a platform that can provide additional services basis requirements--including Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation (CGNAT), Stateful Firewall, Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), Denial of Service (DoS), Application Security, VPN (IPsec), Unified Threat Management (UTM), Quality of Service (QoS), and Large-scale Multitenancy.

Telefónica said it will implement Juniper’s SRX5800 Services gateway. As part of the difference between computer engineering and computer science family, it will also include vSRX and cSRX that will allow the solution to cover the telco Cloud infrastructure. This is in addition to a third-generation Services Processing card (SPC3), a third-generation Services Processing card (SPC3), and the fourth generation Input-Output Cards (IOC4).

New Wi-Fi 6 access points are backward compatible

 Remember that your devices also have to support Wi-Fi 6 or WPA3, but all the current mobile and PC/Mac OSes support WPA3, and all these new Wi-Fi 6 access points are backward compatible with your existing equipment.

Another way of segregating equipment and setting what can and cannot talk to each other is Access Control Lists (ACLs). This is again a setting in your router configuration and allows you to define patterns for ingress and egress to the internet using the MAC address of specific devices on your network.

Also, in separate access points and some higher-end consumer Wi-Fi routers and access points, you can create additional SSIDs (the name of your wireless network) to go with these computer science vs computer programming and even turn off SSID broadcast so only you know what network to connect to; nobody else in your neighborhood can see it. 

Individuals and downplaying valid concerns over ethics in AI

 Leadership is aware of recent “discussions” involving Pedro Domingos, a professor emeritus (retired) in our school. We do not condone a member of our community engaging in a Twitter flame war belittling individuals and downplaying valid concerns over ethics in AI. We object to his dismissal of concerns over the use of technology to further marginalize groups ill-served by tech. While potential for harm does not necessarily negate the value of a given line of research, none of us should be absolved from considering that impact. And while we may disagree about approaches to countering such potential harm, we should be supportive of trying different methods to do so.

We also object in the strongest possible terms to the use of labels like “deranged.” Such language is unacceptable. We urge all members of our community to always express their points of views in the most respectful and computer science degree jobs manner.

We do encourage our scholars to engage vigorously on matters of AI ethics, diversity in tech and industry-research relations. All are crucial to our field and our world. But we are all too familiar with counterproductive, inflammatory, and escalating social-media arguments.

Types of Cloud Computing

 Hybrid cloud: Describes combined computing, services environment, and storage, which includes Private cloud services, on-premises infrastructure, and public cloud such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon Web Services (AWS). The company may manage some applications on the public cloud, while other critical applications are hosted on the private cloud.

Public cloud: It is an IT model where computing infrastructure and services are hosted by the cloud vendor and shared with several organizations through the public internet. This cloud computing type makes computing resources accessible to people for purchase and is shared by multiple users.

Private cloud: This is defined as a computing infrastructure or services dedicated to a specific organization, which isn’t shared with the general public. They are offered over a private internal network or Internet and need the same management, workforce, and maintenance expenditures as customary data center computer science engineer salary. As such, they are more costly and secure than public clouds.

Community cloud: Describes the sharing of computing infrastructure and services to a restricted set of organizations or staff like heads of trading firms or banks.

Hottest New Cybersecurity Products

 Vendors have spent 2020 advancing security everywhere from endpoints and mobile devices to OT environments and containers, debuting tools that bring SD-WAN to challenging operational environments or uncontrolled remote locations, protect inbound, outbound and east-west traffic between container trust zones, and safeguard users against unsuitable and malicious web content.

Enhancements to security operations and intelligence have been a major area of focus thus far in 2020, with advancements around automating workflows to speed detection and response, minimizing downtime and restoring business operations, and swiftly detecting and thwarting cyberattacks anywhere on the user’s network.

Seven of the 10 hottest cybersecurity products of 2020 came from companies based in California, two came from companies based in other parts of the United States, and one came from a company based abroad. Read on to learn how suppliers have gone about making their computer engineering salary portfolio even more solution provider friendly.

Division over working on airport projects led Foster

 Zaha Hadid Architects was criticised for designing Western Sydney International Airport, while Foster + Partners' decision to design an airport for a luxury resort in Saudi Arabia led Architects Climate Action Network, another group that advocates more radical climate action, to call on the studio to withdraw from the project or from Architects Declare.

This division over working on airport projects led Foster + Partners to leave Architects Declare yesterday, with studio founder Norman Foster saying: "agriculture and aviation are not going to go away and they will both need the most sustainable buildings to serve them together with the architects who can most responsibly design them."

Since its foundation, the UK branch of Architects Declare has gained over 1,000 signatories, while its international sister group has almost computer science vs computer programming signatories in over 20 countries.

Performance at different speeds and packet loss characteristics

 The transmission control protocol (TCP) is very sensitive to packet loss. Some researchers measured TCP performance at different speeds and packet loss characteristics and the result is known as the Mathis Equation. The short summary is that packet loss of more than .001% of all packets causes significant decreases in throughput. That’s a packet loss rate of one packet out of 100,000 (1 out of 10E5). That translates into a bit error rate (BER) of about 10E-10. (The figures are approximate because of differences in packet sizes).

Before you say that this error threshold is too small, let’s look at it differently. How long do you think a link should run before it experiences a packet loss? Using the 10E-11 figure, a one gigabit per second (1Gbps) link would run about 10 seconds between errors, while a computer science degree jobs link would experience an error every second. You can use this information to determine your network management system packet loss thresholds.

Network management systems (NMS) should be collecting interface performance data from all network interfaces within the organization, including errors and drops/discards. Your selection of an alerting threshold for errors/drops/discards will depend on what error rates you are willing to tolerate for your network and what threshold setting the network management tools will support. I was recently surprised to find an NMS in which packet drop thresholds couldn’t be set smaller than one percent. In these cases, it may be better to use absolute count values as thresholds. Also, note that management systems typically count errors separately from drops/discards.

A unique process for producing a light-matter mixture

 Quantum science studies natural phenomena of light and matter at the smallest scales. Recently, scientists made a groundbreaking discovery that offers new insights to develop the next generation of quantum-based optical and electronic devices more efficiently. Scientists from the University of Minnesota Twin have come up with a unique process to produce a quantum state that is part light and part matter.

Using the process, scientists were able to achieve ultrastrong coupling” between infrared light (photons) and matter (atomic vibrations) by trapping light in tiny, annular holes in a thin layer of gold. These holes were as small as two nanometers, or approximately 25,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair.

These nanocavities, similar to a highly scaled-down version of the coaxial cables used to send electrical signals (like the cable that comes into your TV), were filled with silicon dioxide, which is essentially the same as window glass. Unique fabrication methods, based on techniques developed in the computer-chip industry, make it possible to produce millions of these cavities simultaneously, with all of them simultaneously exhibiting this how much do computer scientists make photon-vibration coupling.

Which enterprise sectors and applications will benefit the most from private wireless?

 When an enterprise is considering implementing private wireless over a Wi-Fi network, there are number of key considerations at play. However, for Mark Bole, the CEO of Quortus, a private network software provider, asking which technology to implement isn’t the right place to start. Instead, he argued, you have to think about what you intend to use that technology for.

“Don’t start with the technology—that isn’t the right first question. A better place to start is thinking about your use cases and objectives because the use case helps inform a lot of the decision making,” he said. “Then, you can start exploring, from those objectives and use cases and some of the key questions around spectrum and security.”

So, then, what sort of applications require computer engineer salary, and which can remain on Wi-Fi? Basically, the more critical the data, the stronger the case for private wireless.

Cybersecurity careers: Which one is right for you?

 The abundance of cyberthreats and shortage of skilled professionals, as well as competitive salaries and interesting job descriptions, are some of the reasons why a career in cybersecurity remains an attractive option. We discussed some of these finer points in our recent article that was aimed especially at those of you who wonder whether to join this growing industry.

However, choosing which career path to pursue may prove to be a daunting task, not least because there are so many careers to choose from, each with its specific requirements and skill sets. It’s also important to note that not every cybersecurity career needs a university degree, although having one won’t hurt.

If you’re aspiring to join the swelling ranks of infosec professionals, you’ll have to assess what skills you have and what skills you’ll need in order to apply for the position you want. In our second article dedicated to celebrating what jobs can you get with a computer science degree, we look at some of the steps you can take while climbing the cybersecurity career ladder.

Equip remote teams with the tools to control access

 Bad actors are proving their agility as they responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with a deluge of fraud attempts that sought to capitalize on peoples’ altruism, vulnerability, fear, and curiosity.

For example, the number of phishing scams – authentic-looking messages that capture valuable login credentials – increased by 667%, and law enforcement agencies worldwide have issued warnings about continued fraud attempts.

When employees are stressed, isolated, and overwhelmed, they are more likely to engage with and fall for these threats. Unfortunately, during the pandemic, employees report feeling more stressed than ever, something that is unlikely to abate anytime soon.

While automation and computer science and engineering software can help reduce this risk, companies should pour energy and resources into training initiatives that educate employees on the risks and equip them with practical strategies for protecting data.

BAT Chooses Udacity to Provide Data Engineering and Product Management Learning to Employees

 The global online learning platform that trains the world's workforce for the careers of the future, today announced that it has been selected as the skills training provider for employees of BAT. Initially focused on BAT's research & development and supply chain & logistics divisions, Udacity will provide training that enhances decision-making capabilities through data-generated insights, accelerating time to market for future products as well as enhanced customer experiences. 

BAT has selected a number of Udacity's Nanodegree programs to grow employees' skills in data engineering and product management. These include: Business Analytics, Predictive Analytics for Business, AI Product Manager and Data Product Manager.

"At BAT, technology and digital are driving our difference between computer engineering and computer science growth as we build A Better Tomorrow. As technology evolves, it's crucial that we evolve the capabilities of our team alongside it," said Martin Whitehouse, Group Head of Future Capability Development, BAT. "Enhancing our critical skills in data analytics drives our capabilities to provide differentiated insights, which means we can work faster and smarter. Nanodegree programs provide an ideal learning environment for our team, enabling them to build key skills and knowledge and then deploy them on the job."

Entangle multiple quantum systems

 The second thing he was just not comfortable with was a concept called computer engineering definition in quantum mechanics. You can entangle multiple quantum systems. Entanglement means that each subsystem no longer has its own local quantum state. That means that we can’t understand its quantum state completely in a local sense.

The quantum state has to be understood in terms of the other systems with which it’s entangled. Now this has some really interesting ramifications. If you entangle a couple of systems like qubits—quantum bits that are zero or one or some superposition— and then you separate them at a vast distance, you can conduct operations on one qubit that affect the state of the other qubit that’s very, very far away. Einstein did not like this at all. He called that “spooky action at a distance.”

Robert J. Marks: Yeah. And the weird thing, as I recall, is that the collapse of this entanglement on one end immediately caused the collapse on the other end, faster than the speed of light.

Enrique Blair: That’s right. You can have a vast separation between these two particles and the instant that Alice takes a measurement on one particle, it immediately affects the state of Bob’s entangled qubit too. And it doesn’t matter how far these things are separated.

Develop such systems are serious technical professionals

 People who develop such systems are serious technical professionals. However, they do it in a tie with UX wizards, so a cloud PBX is easy to use without any specific background. Yes, there is some onboarding needed, but it is extremely smooth, and all the settings are usually made by the provider. Its interface is never too complicated for a call center agent or manager to handle. It is intuitive, simple, and sometimes even fun, depending on the provider you pick.

These are the major reasons why it is best for businesses to use a cloud-based PBX system instead of traditional telephony. However, there are other advantages you will feel and see in your efficiency reports once you switch to one.

Cloud phone systems do not limit your options to voice calls only. They are way smarter. Modern PBX systems allow you to track your progress, analyze computer science vs information technology, and help managers improve agents’ performance. Yes, some business cloud PBX systems are simply packed with extra features: routing, forwarding, listening, and recording calls, system integration, voicemail and fax to email conversion, location switching, and many more. A traditional phone system cannot compete in this field.

Focusing more on basic research than applied research

 By contrast, Scassellati said the department has been focusing more on basic research than applied research and should first try to make up its deficit.

But Zhong said he feels that there is a misconception that basic and applied research fall into separate categories. All computer science research the Yale faculty do is both foundational and useful to solve real-world problems, he said. Much of the department’s strength is its cross-cutting initiatives, six professors said.

Scassellati works on research on recycling with the School of the Environment and on how artificial intelligence is shaping education with the philosophy department. The research has become particularly important with the current reliance on distance learning, he said.

how hard is computer science said that the University has a unique opportunity for collaboration with other departments, as many students studying AI and computing technologies are interested in fields beyond computer science as well.